The accompanying CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions have been identified as a primary cause of global warming and the demand for electricity is expected to rise sharply within two decades. New energy-efficient, environmentally friendly power systems are, therefore, urgently required to ensure a sustainable built environment and also to meet the current building regulation

The Gulf region is one of the most arid regions in the world. The lack of water is considered as the most important problem. Annual rainfall is slight and erratic, with an annual average of 81 millimetres in Doha. As a result, renewable ground water resources are extremely limited and, in addition, there are problems